Grizzly Bear: Habitat, Diet & Seasonal Life

Ursus arctos horribilis, the Grizzly Bear, is a North American form of the brown bear. It is associated with western North America, where populations occupy landscapes ranging from coastal valleys and forests to alpine meadows and open tundra.

The shoulder hump

One of the clearest field marks of a grizzly is the muscular hump over the shoulders. Those powerful muscles support the front limbs during digging, an important behaviour for uncovering roots, small animals and other food. Long front claws add to this digging ability.

An omnivore with a seasonal menu

Grizzlies are highly adaptable omnivores. Depending on location and season, they may eat grasses, roots, berries, insects, fish, carrion and mammals. Food availability changes dramatically through the year, so bears spend much of the active season searching for energy-rich resources.

Preparing for the cold season

As winter approaches, grizzlies build fat reserves and eventually enter dens. Their winter state allows them to conserve energy when food is scarce. Females can give birth in the den, and young cubs remain protected there until conditions outside improve.

Solitary, but not always alone

Adult grizzlies are generally solitary, yet individuals may tolerate one another where food is concentrated. Mothers form the most enduring social unit, travelling with their cubs while the young learn where to feed and how to navigate the landscape.

From the field guide to Aves & Atlas

The grizzly’s heavy shoulders, long claws and unmistakable profile have long made it a strong subject for North American natural-history art. Explore the Grizzly Bear T-Shirt, or browse the Mammals collection.